Play and Art Therapy for Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition that is predominantly diagnosed in childhood and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Managing this condition can be challenging – physically, mentally, and emotionally. Recent research has shed light on the positive impact of non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities, such as play and art therapy, on children with T1DM with regards to understanding their diagnosis and compliance with treatment. In this article, we delve into a literature review published in the Irish Journal of Medical Science in 2022, which explored these effects. This review considered 11 papers, with four focusing on play therapy and three on art therapy, all of which provided valuable insights into how these therapies can improve the lives of children living with T1DM.
Before we dive into these studies, it's essential to recognize the increasing prevalence of T1DM among children. From 2001 to 2017, the United States saw a noticeable rise in the number of cases, emphasizing the importance of exploring effective treatments and support mechanisms for young patients and their families.
Play therapy for children serves multiple purposes, including preparing kids for adulthood, aiding in their learning and development, and enabling them to explore their abilities and adapt to their environment. Notably, play therapy helps children with T1DM in communication and understanding their bodies, which is crucial for managing their condition effectively.
The four studies reviewed on play therapy revealed several benefits. Children who participated in play therapy were more responsive and engaged in educational activities, leading to a better understanding of their diagnosis and management plans. They also exhibited improved ability to perform necessary procedures, such as insulin injections, and were less afraid of needles. Notable interventions included the use of educational robots and interactive dolls, making the learning process entertaining and engaging.
Art therapy has also demonstrated a positive impact on children with T1DM. The three studies examining art therapy found that drawing and creative expression helped young patients better understand their diagnosis and treatments. In addition, art therapy reduced stress levels in 57% of young adult study participants, highlighting its potential in promoting emotional well-being. Furthermore, art therapy was associated with improved disease management, particularly in addressing needle phobia and promoting compliance with nutritional requirements.
While these reviewed studies offer valuable qualitative insights, it is worth noting that they primarily focused on subjective measures. Future research into the impact of play and art therapy on quantitative measures, such as HbA1c levels, to assess their effectiveness in glucose management could provide a more comprehensive understanding of how these therapies can complement traditional medical treatments for T1DM.
In conclusion, play and art therapy may be powerful tools in improving the lives of children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. These therapies may not only aid in education and development but also help young patients cope with the challenges of their condition. As the prevalence of T1DM continues to rise, it is important to explore non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities like play and art therapy as part of the management plan. Further research, including quantitative assessments, will contribute to a greater understanding of taking a holistic approach to managing this chronic condition and enhancing the well-being of young patients and their families.
References:
Bacus IP, Mahomed H, Murphy AM, Connolly M, Neylon O, O'Gorman C. Play, art, music and exercise therapy impact on children with diabetes. Ir J Med Sci. 2022 Dec;191(6):2663-2668. doi: 10.1007/s11845-021-02889-5. Epub 2022 Jan 17. PMID: 35037160; PMCID: PMC9672024.
Lawrence JM, Divers J, Isom S, Saydah S, Imperatore G, Pihoker C, Marcovina SM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Hamman RF, Dolan L, Dabelea D, Pettitt DJ, Liese AD; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group. Trends in Prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in the US, 2001-2017. JAMA. 2021 Aug 24;326(8):717-727. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.11165. Erratum in: JAMA. 2021 Oct 5;326(13):1331. PMID: 34427600; PMCID: PMC8385600